Enable hardware acceleration
Canvas drawing
The <canvas> element supports hardware acceleration, which can significantly improve the performance of graphics drawing and animation. Make sure to enable hardware acceleration in supported browsers, such as using the translate3d(0, 0, 0) hack or the CSS property will-change to trigger GPU rendering.
canvas {
transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
/* or */
will-change: transform;
}WebGL
- WebGL is a JavaScript API based on the OpenGL ES specification, which directly uses the GPU for 3D graphics rendering. For complex 3D scenes and high-performance graphics applications, WebGL should be preferred over Canvas 2D.
Image and media optimization
Image format and compression
Use efficient image formats, such as WebP and AVIF, which provide better compression rates than traditional JPEG and PNG, reducing network transmission time and memory usage.
Responsive images
Use the srcset and sizes attributes to provide images with appropriate resolutions for different devices to avoid unnecessary bandwidth consumption and memory usage.
<img src="image.jpg" srcset="image-320w.jpg 320w, image-640w.jpg 640w, image-1280w.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 320px, 640px">Image lazy loading and preloading
Use lazy loading technology (such as Intersection Observer API) to only load images in the visible area to reduce the initial loading burden. At the same time, key resources are preloaded to improve the response speed of subsequent interactions.
Video Encoding and Streaming
Choose high-efficiency video encoding (such as H.264, VP9) and set the bitrate appropriately to ensure a balance between video quality and file size. For long videos or live broadcasts, consider using streaming technologies (such as HLS, MPEG-DASH) to reduce initial buffering time and adapt to changes in network conditions.
Resource loading and caching
HTTP/2 and HTTP/3
Use supported servers and CDNs to provide HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 protocols, and use features such as multiplexing and header compression to reduce network latency and bandwidth consumption.
Resource compression and merging
Compress CSS and JavaScript files (such as Gzip, Brotli) and code splitting and merging (such as module packaging) to reduce file size and number of requests.
Service Worker
Implement Service Worker, use offline caching strategies (such as Cache Storage API) to cache key resources in advance, provide offline access capabilities, and optimize network request strategies (such as network priority, cache priority).
Choose the appropriate selector
Avoid using selectors that are too complex or have low performance (such as wildcard *, attribute selectors, etc.), and preferentially use ID and class selectors.
Using Flexbox and Grid layout
Use modern layout models (Flexbox, CSS Grid) to replace traditional table layout and floating layout, simplify CSS code and improve layout calculation efficiency.
Avoid forced synchronization of layout
Avoid reflow and redrawing caused by continuous reading and writing of style attributes in JavaScript. Use requestAnimationFrame to update styles in batches, or separate read and write operations to reduce forced synchronization of layout.
JavaScript performance optimization
Asynchronous programming and Promise
Use asynchronous programming models (such as async/await, Promises) instead of callback functions to simplify code logic and take advantage of modern engine optimizations.
Avoid unnecessary DOM operations
Reduce frequent DOM queries and modifications, use efficient insertion methods such as DocumentFragment and innerHTML, or use virtual DOM (such as React, Vue).
Code splitting and lazy loading
Split the JavaScript code into multiple chunks as needed, and use dynamic import (import()) to implement lazy loading and reduce the initial load.
Browser compatibility and feature detection
Use Feature Detection (such as Modernizr) to ensure that code executes correctly on different browsers and devices, avoiding performance bottlenecks or errors caused by unsupported features.
